EU-Project WHEATPROTECT

Wheat-infecting furo- and bymoviruses, i.e. Soil-borne Cereal Mosaic Furovirus (SBCMV) and Wheat Spindle Streak Mosaic Bymovirus (WSSMV) have gained evident importance today in Europe.

STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF VIRUS RESISTANCE IN WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)

Wheat Spindle Streak Mosaic Bymovirus (WSSMV) and Soil-borne Cereal Mosaic Furovirus (SBCMV), which have been detected in the USA and Japan for the first time are today already widely spread in the E.C. (France, Italy, UK, Germany, Denmark, Poland) and it is presumed that these viruses will be detected in other E.C. countries in the near future. In some countries (Italy, France, Germany) both viruses have already gained economic importance due to high yield losses up to 50-70% frequently observed in susceptible wheat varieties. Similar to soil-borne barley infecting viruses (Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus and Barley Mild Mosaic Virus) which have been detected in Europe in 1978 for the first time and are a serious threat to winter barley cultivation in parts of the E.C. today, the above mentioned viruses may become a serious constraint to wheat cultivation in the near future.

Because of transmission by the soil-borne fungus Polymyxa graminis chemical measures against this disease are neither efficient nor acceptable for economical and especially ecological reasons. Therefore, wheat cultivation on infested fields entirely relies on resistant or tolerant cultivars, respectively. Consequently, this project on the one hand aimed at getting information on the properties of soil-borne wheat infecting mosaic viruses and on the other hand consists of the identification of genes involved in resistance and tolerance and the development of respective molecular markers in order to facilitate efficient marker based selection procedures. Additional a detailed knowledge about the pathogens situation will be gained enabling risk assessment concerning their future spread. The development of resistant/tolerant wheat accessions in conjunction with molecular markers will serve as the base for an efficient breeding of high yielding resistant/tolerant wheat cultivars ensuring economic wheat production in the growing area of infested fields.

Co-ordination: SAATEN-UNION Resistenzlabor GmbH

PARTNER in WHEATPROTECT:

PROJECTTIME: 2/2005 - 1/2007

Final Project Results
Wheat Spindle Streak Mosaic Virus (WSSMV) and Soil-borne Cereal Mosaic Virus (SBCMV) belonging to the Bymoviruses and Furoviruses, respectively, which have been detected in the USA and Japan for the first time have widely spread in the E.C. (France, Italy, UK, Germany, Denmark, Poland) within a short period of time. Therefore, it is presumed that these viruses will be detected in other E.C. countries in the near future. In some countries (Italy, France) both viruses have already gained economic importance due to high yield losses up to 50-70% frequently observed in susceptible wheat varieties. Similar to barley soil-borne viruses, i.e. Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus (BaYMV) and Barley Mild Mosaic Virus (BaMMV) which have been detected in Europe in 1978 for the first time and are a serious threat to winter barley cultivation in parts of the E.C., the above mentioned viruses may become a serious constraint to wheat cultivation in the near future. Because of transmission by the soil-borne fungus Polymyxa graminis, chemical measures against this disease are neither efficient nor acceptable for economical and especially ecological reasons. Therefore, wheat cultivation on infested fields entirely relies on resistant or tolerant cultivars, respectively. Consequently, WHEATPROTECT on the one hand aims at getting information on the properties of wheat soil-borne mosaic viruses and on the other hand on the identification and mapping of genes involved in resistance and tolerance and the development of respective molecular markers in order to facilitate efficient marker based selection procedures.

In order to get reliable data on the genetics of resistance to SBCMV and WSSMV, dihaploid (DH) lines derived from different crosses were grown for two years on SBCMV and WSSMV infested fields and resistance was determined by DAS-ELISA. In both DH-populations a 1r:1s segregation was observed giving hint to a monogenic mode of inheritance of resistance to SBCMV. Based on these results and bulked segregant analysis using SSRs resistance to SBCMV was located on chromosome 5DL with the closest SSR mapping at a distance of 2cM.

In order to get reliable data on the genetics of resistance to SBCMV and WSSMV, DH lines derived from different crosses were grown for two years on SBCMV and WSSMV infested fields and resistance was determined by DAS-ELISA. In both DH-populations a good fit two a 1r:1s segregation was observed giving hint to a monogenic mode of inheritance of resistance to SBCMV. Based on these results and bulked segregant analysis using SSRs resistance to SBCMV was located on chromosome 5DL with the closest SSR mapping at a distance of 2cM (Figure 1). In order to develop closer linked markers and to get information on genes involved in resistance to SBCMV, AFLP analyses, cDNA-AFLP analyses and array analyses using the barley 10.000 unigene chip were conducted. For expression profiling resistant and susceptible genotypes were infected by virus bearing Polymyxa graminis in growth chambers and samples of roots, hypocotyl and leaves were taken when the virus was detectable (ELISA/RT-PCR) for the first time in respective tissues. Using the barley 10.000 unigene chip resulted in the identification of 80 genes differentally expressed between infected and non-infected plants in roots, 11 in hypocotyl and 4 in leaves. Out of these 7 turned out to be differentially expressed between resistant and susceptible genotypes in roots, and 4 in hypocotyl and leaves. Out of these genes some showed the highest homology to rice chromosome 3 which is syntenic to wheat chromosome 5DL and are now subjected to mapping.

With respect to SBCMV closely linked markers have been developed within WHEATPROTECT facilitating efficient marker based selection procedures. These are of special importance in those countries where uniformly infested fields are not available yet, but a spread of SBCMV is expected. With respect to WSSMV some SSRs from linkage group 2 gave polymorphic patterns between the parents and bulks and additional mapping work is going on.

Publications of WHEATPROTECT

Perovic D, Weyen J, Schondelmaier J, Förster J, Devaux P, Hariri D, Feuerhelm D, Stein N, Graner A and Ordon F: Linkage mapping and transcriptional profiling of resistance to soil-borne viruses in hexaploid wheat (Triticum vulgare ssp. aestivum); Xth Conference on Viral Diseases of Gramineae in Europe (CVDGE), Belgium. September 2005, Poster

D Perovic , J Förster, P Devaux, D Hariri, M Guilleroux, D Feuerhelm, U Kastirr, F Ordon : Aufklärung der Genetik und molekulare Kartierung der Resistenz des Weizens gegen Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus (SBCMV) , GPZ-Jahrestagung 2006, Freising, Vortrag Pflanzenzüchtung 68

Perovic D, Weyen J, Schondelmaier J, Förster J, Devaux P, Hariri D, Guilleroux M, Feuerhelm D, Scholz U, Röder M, Kastirr U and Ordon F: Mapping and comparative analysis with rice and barley of Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus (SBCMV) resistance locus in hexaploid wheat; 4. Weimar-Conferenz of Society for Genetic, Kiel, September 2006, poster

Perovic D, Winter A, Weyen J, Schondelmaier J, Förster J, Devaux P, Hariri D, Guilleroux M, Feuerhelm D, Graner A and Ordon F : Towards genetic and transcriptional dissection of Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus resistance in hexaploid wheat (Triticum vulgare ssp. aestivum), Plant Genomics European Meetings 2006, Venice, poster

Stracke S, T Presterl, N Stein, D Perovic, F Ordon and A Graner: Effects of introgression and recombination on haplotype structure and linkage disequilibrium surrounding a locus encoding Bymovirus resistance in barley; Genetics, December 6, 2006 as 10.1534

Harriri D and M Meyer: A new furovirus infecting barley in France closely related to the Japanese soil-borne wheat mosaic virus, European Journal of Plant Pathology 2007


Perovic D, Winter A, Weyen J, Förster J, Devaux P, Hariri D, Guilleroux M, Scholz U, Graner A and Ordon F: Bulk segregant (BSA) based transcriptional profiling of Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus resistance in hexaploid wheat (Triticum vulgare ssp. aestivum), Plant Genomics European Meetings 2007, Tenerife, poster

Perovic D, J Förster, K Kanyuka, R Lyons, J Weyen, P Devaux, D Hariri, D Feuerhelm, U Kastirr, P Sourdille, M Röder and Frank Ordon: Genetic mapping and development of closely linked markers for the Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus resistance locus in European wheat cultivars, in press

WHEATPROTECT is supported by funding under the Sixth Research Framework Programme of the European Union as Co-operative Research Project under the Contract No COOP-CT-2004-512703.

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